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What treatment is available for spasmodic dysphonia? The neurologist will evaluate for signs in the brain of dystonia and other movement disorders.

A neurologist, a doctor who specializes in nervous system disorders.

The speech-language pathologist will assess voice symptoms.

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A speech-language pathologist, a health professional trained to evaluate and treat voice, speech, and language disorders.The otolaryngologist will pass a small lighted tube through the nose and into the back of the throat-a procedure called fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy-to evaluate vocal fold anatomy and movements during speech and other activities of the larynx. An otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in diseases of the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck.Diagnosis usually follows examination by a team, including: How is spasmodic dysphonia diagnosed?ĭiagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia can be difficult because the symptoms are often similar to those of other voice disorders. Although a specific gene for spasmodic dysphonia has not yet been identified, a mutation in a gene that causes other forms of dystonia has also been associated with spasmodic dysphonia. In some cases, spasmodic dysphonia may run in families.

Recent research has found abnormalities in other regions of the brain associated with spasmodic dysphonia, including areas of the cerebral cortex that control commands to muscles and coordinate these commands with incoming sensory information. The basal ganglia help coordinate the movements of muscles throughout the body. Spasmodic dysphonia is thought to be caused by abnormal functioning in an area of the brain called the basal ganglia. Because the muscles that open and the muscles that close the vocal folds are not working properly, it has features of both adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Mixed spasmodic dysphonia, a combination of the above two types, is very rare.

As with adductor spasmodic dysphonia, the spasms are often absent during activities such as laughing, crying, or whispering. As a result, the voice often sounds weak and breathy. The open position also allows air to escape from the lungs during speech. The vocal folds cannot vibrate when they are open too far. In this disorder, spasms cause the vocal folds to remain open.

Abductor spasmodic dysphonia is less common.

Stress often makes the muscle spasms more severe. The spasms are usually absent-and the voice sounds normal-while laughing, crying, or whispering. The person’s speech may be choppy, with words cut off or difficult to start because of muscle spasms. The voice of someone with adductor spasmodic dysphonia may sound strained and strangled. These spasms make it difficult for the vocal folds to vibrate and produce sounds. In this disorder, spasms cause the vocal folds to slam together and stiffen.

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is the most common form of spasmodic dysphonia.

What are the types of spasmodic dysphonia? It can affect anyone, but the first signs occur most often in people between the ages of 30 and 50. Spasmodic dysphonia may develop suddenly, with severe voice symptoms present from the start of the disorder, or it may start with mild symptoms and occur only occasionally before worsening and becoming more frequent over time. Spasmodic dysphonia is a chronic condition that continues throughout a person’s life. Some people with spasmodic dysphonia may also have vocal tremor-a shaking of the larynx and vocal folds that causes the voice to tremble.

In more severe cases, spasms may occur on every word, making a person’s speech very difficult to understand. In some people, the breaks occur once every few sentences. Spasmodic dysphonia causes voice breaks during speaking and can make the voice sound tight, strained, or breathy. Spasmodic dysphonia may occur along with other forms of dystonia that cause repeated spasms in other parts of the body, including the eyes, face, jaw, lips, tongue, neck, arms, or legs. In spasmodic dysphonia, the muscles inside the vocal folds spasm (make sudden, involuntary movements), interfering with vocal fold vibrations. When you speak, air from your lungs is pushed between two elastic structures-called vocal folds-causing them to vibrate and produce your voice.

Spasmodic dysphonia, or laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder affecting the voice muscles in the larynx, also called the voice box. Parts of the throat involved in spasmodic dysphonia. Congressional Testimony and the NIDCD Budget.Research Training in NIDCD Laboratories (Intramural).Institutional Research Training Programs.Types of Research Training Funding Opportunities.About NIDCD's Research Training Program.Scientific Workshop and Meeting Reports.Building a Diverse Scientific Workforce.